New Developments in HPV Oropharyngeal Cancer: Immunology, Epidemiology, and Clinical Management

The incidence of human papilloma virus (HPV) related oropharynx cancer (OPC) has more than tripled in the United States over the last two decades and now represents almost 30% of all head neck cancer seen. It has a different biology and prognosis compared to the traditional smoking and alcohol related head and neck cancers. The prognosis of HPV OPC is significantly better than smoking-related cancers. In addition there is a vaccine that may prevent the development of this cancer and opportunities to develop new therapies aimed at enhancing immunity to the virus and reducing therapy for those patients with more advanced disease. There is a pressing need for oncologists, surgeons, radiation oncologists, and the lay public to learn about the opportunities to prevent this disease and improve outcomes in those unfortunate individuals who develop cancer. In addition, because this is a sexually transmitted disease, counseling of the patient family can be emotionally charged and subject to significant cultural and personal issues.