Dr. Valentina Arnao holds a Master's Degree in Medicine and Surgery and a Ph.D. from the University of Palermo. She is working in the Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND) at the University of Palermo. Her areas of interest are cerebrovascular disease, extrapyramidal disorders, gender medicine, and cognitive decline. Her articles have been widely cited in world literature; she is licensed as an associate professor.