Dr. Stephen W. Schaffer, Ph.D. is currently a Professor Emeritus at The University of South Alabama. He has a received Doctor of Philosophy from The University of Minnesota. His research interests are Pharmacology, Heart, Heart Failure, Cardiac Function, Cardiomyopathies, Reactive Oxygen Species, Metabolism, Cardiovascular Physiology, Myocardial Infarction, Chronic Heart Failure, Cardiovascular Pharmacology.