Alexandra Flemming studied molecular biology at the Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Germany. After carrying out a 1-year diploma thesis in infectious immunology at the University of Cape Town, South Africa, she returned to Germany for her doctoral studies with Prof. Michael Reth, Max-Planck Institute for Immunology, Freiburg. Alexandra received awards for her thesis on the role of the B? cell signaling protein SLP65 in the malignant transformation of B-cells and carried on working on Bcell signal transduction during her postdoctoral research as an EMBO fellow and Human Frontiers Science Programme fellow at the Cancer Research UK London Research Institute. Alexandra started her career in publishing as an Associate Editor on Nature Reviews Drug Discovery in 2005. She joined Nature Reviews Immunology as Chief Editor in January 2017.