Neonatal Encephalopathy and Neurologic Outcome, 2nd Edition, a report by ACOG's and AAP's joint Task Force on Neonatal Encephalopathy, highlights significant changes from the initial report published in 2003. The updated report is based on a broader knowledge of the processes that contribute to neonatal encephalopathy, advancements in neuroimaging and the introduction of neonatal hypothermia as a therapeutic treatment, among other factors. The report recognizes that there are many potential contributing factors to encephalopathy in infants and recommends that all cases of NE be subject to root cause analysis. At the conclusion of this program participants will be able to