Common Pediatric Infections

Infectious diseases remain a leading cause of morbidity in the pediatric population, accounting for a large proportion of outpatient visits, hospitalizations, and antimicrobial prescriptions. From upper respiratory infections and otitis media to urinary tract infections and viral exanthems, pediatric providers must accurately distinguish self-limiting conditions from those requiring further intervention or hospitalization.

This CME/CE course delivers a comprehensive review of common pediatric infections with a focus on early recognition, differential diagnosis, and evidence-based treatment strategies. Designed for pediatricians, family physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants, the course emphasizes clinical decision-making in both outpatient and emergency care settings.

Participants will explore the most frequent causes of fever and infection in infants, children, and adolescents—ranging from streptococcal pharyngitis, influenza, and bronchiolitis to more serious conditions such as sepsis, meningitis, and pneumonia. Special attention is given to identifying red flags that suggest severe bacterial infection, including poor perfusion, persistent tachycardia, or altered mental status.

The course highlights current guidelines on antimicrobial stewardship, diagnostic workups, and use of point-of-care testing (e.g., rapid antigen detection, CRP, procalcitonin, urinalysis). Learners will also be updated on vaccine-preventable infections, emerging viral trends, and management of antimicrobial resistance in pediatric populations.

Interactive case studies and real-world scenarios support the application of knowledge to clinical practice. Providers will leave with the skills needed to initiate appropriate treatment, reduce unnecessary antibiotic use, and deliver parent education that enhances compliance and outcomes.

Educational Objectives

• Identify the most common causes of fever and infection in pediatric patients across various age groups.
• Describe clinical indicators and red flags that suggest more serious underlying pathology requiring escalation of care.
• Discuss current, evidence-based treatment strategies for pediatric infections, including the judicious use of antibiotics.
• Interpret diagnostic testing in the evaluation of common infections, including respiratory, urinary, and systemic presentations.
• Enhance parental communication and education regarding the natural course of illness and warning signs for follow-up.

Who Should Do This Course?

This course is ideal for:

• Pediatricians and Pediatric Nurse Practitioners treating infectious conditions in both acute and well-child settings.
• Family Medicine Physicians and Internists managing febrile illnesses in children.
• Physician Assistants and Registered Nurses working in pediatric outpatient, urgent care, or emergency departments.
• Healthcare providers delivering immunization, infection prevention, and patient education programs.

This course is especially valuable for clinicians in high-volume primary care or community health environments where rapid decision-making is essential.

Did You Know?

• Fever without a source in children under 36 months accounts for nearly 15% of pediatric emergency visits. (AAP, 2022)
• Up to 60% of antibiotics prescribed to children may be unnecessary or inappropriate. (CDC, 2023)
• Otitis media is the most common diagnosis leading to antibiotic prescription in children. (Pediatrics, 2020)
• Group A Streptococcus causes 20–30% of sore throats in children but is rare in those under age 3. (IDSA Guidelines, 2021)
• Rapid antigen detection tests for strep throat have a specificity of over 95%. (Cochrane Review, 2016)