OVERVIEW

Diabetes: Diagnosis, Laboratory Testing, and the Current American Diabetes Association Guidelines is organized by MediaLab, Inc..

Description:
Diabetes is a national and international healthcare issue due to its high incidence and healthcare costs. The diabetic patient is at risk for many serious complications and may experience a diminished quality of life. This course will primarily focus on recommendations made by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) that are related to the diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes. Three case studies are followed throughout the course as laboratory tests are chosen that will lead to a probable diagnosis based on the recommendations of the ADA. Recommended tests for monitoring diabetic patients are also discussed.

Objectives:
• Define diabetes and differentiate between type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
• Discuss gestational diabetes and other causes of diabetes.
• Explain the role of the clinical laboratory in the diagnosis and monitoring diabetes.
• Discuss the signs and symptoms of diabetes.
• List the common ways to prevent, manage, and treat diabetes.
• Identify clinical and laboratory criteria that indicates increased risk for diabetes.
• List the current assays used to monitor diabetic patients.
• Explain the recommendations made by the American Diabetes Association in regards to diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes.

Course Outline:
• Overview of Diabetes: Definition and Facts
• Organizations and Agencies
• Diabetes: Definition
• Which of the following statements about insulin is TRUE? (Select all that apply.)
• Diabetes: Facts
• Diabetes: A Metabolic Disorder
• True or false? There is an emerging global epidemic of diabetes that has been traced to rapid increases in overweight people, including obesity, and p...
• Blood Glucose and Hormonal Control
• Blood Glucose and Hormonal Control
• Blood Glucose and Hormonal Control (continued)
• Blood Glucose and Hormonal Control (continued)
• Which statements are TRUE about the roles of insulin and glucagon in the regulation of normal blood glucose? (Select all that apply.)
• Which of the following hormones is mainly responsible for the entry of glucose into the cell for energy production?
• Classification of Diabetes
• The Four Clinical Classes of Diabetes
• Which of the following statements are TRUE about the clinical classes of diabetes? (Select all that apply.)
• Type 1 Diabetes
• Type 2 Diabetes
• Type 2 Diabetes: Prediabetes
• True or false: Type 2 diabetes was formerly called insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or juvenile-onset diabetes and most often occurs in chil...
• When is Diabetes Classified as Type 1 or Type 2?
• Gestational Diabetes (GDM)
• Diabetes Due to Other Causes
• Which of the following statements correctly describe gestational diabetes (GDM)? (Select all that apply.)
• Risk, Complications, and Management of Diabetes
• Signs and Symptoms of Diabetes
• Risk Factors and Complications of Diabetes
• Treatment and Management of Diabetes
• Treatment and Management of Diabetes (continued)
• The initial early sign of diabetes is hyperglycemia. More significant hyperglycemia can cause which of the following?
• Ketoacidosis is a serious complication for type 1 diabetics and results in the production of excess acetyl CoA which is converted to ketone bodies.
• Screening for Diabetes and Updated ADA Guidelines
• American Diabetes Association (ADA) Guidelines: 2022 Update
• ADA Guidelines: 2022 Update (continued)
• ADA Guidelines: Criteria for Prediabetes and Diabetes Diagnosis
• ADA Testing Guidelines: Screening for Diabetes and Prediabetes in Asymptomatic Adults
• ADA Guidelines: Screening for Type 2 Diabetes or Prediabetes in Asymptomatic Children and Adolescents
• ADA Guidelines: Screening for Type 2 Diabetes or Prediabetes in Asymptomatic Children and Adolescents (Continued).
• ADA Guidelines: Categories of Increased Risk for Diabetes (Prediabetes)
• ADA Guidelines for Monitoring Glycemic Control Using Hb A1C
• ADA Guidelines: Diabetes Screening for Pregnant Women
• Which test/result combinations meet the ADA criteria for diabetes diagnosis? (Select all that apply.)
• A patient's Hb A1C level of 6.0% would be considered an increased risk for diabetes (prediabetes.)
• Laboratory Assays in Evaluating Diabetic Patients
• Clinical Laboratory Testing
• Blood Glucose Testing
• Whole Blood Glucose Testing
• Urine Glucose
• Urinary Albumin and Testing for Microalbuminuria
• Testing for Ketones
• Insulin and C-Peptide
• Insulin Antibodies
• Which laboratory test is used to identify early renal impairment in diabetic patients?
• Glycated Proteins and Hb A1C
• Hb A1C versus Blood Glucose Measurement
• Fructosamine
• Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)
• Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM)
• Since the concentration of A1C relates to an individual's average blood glucose over the life span of the red blood cell (120 days), the A1C test can ...
• What is the ADA's 2022 recommendation for the use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) technology?
• Estimated Average Glucose (eAG)
• Estimated Average Glucose
• The Relationship Between Hb A1C and Estimated Average Glucose (eAG)
• The formula for conversion of Hb A1C to glucose in mg/dL is:Estimated average glucose (eAG) = (28.7 x A1C) – 46.7The Hb A1C measured on a patien...
• Case Studies in Diabetes
• Case Studies
• Case A
• Case B
• Case C
• Review the previously described cases:Case ACase BCase CWhich patient(s) would be diagnosed with diabetes according to the criteria for diagnosis?
• Case A:A 50-year-old male with a family history of diabetes visits his physician for routine physical. He reports that he feels his health is excellen...
• The Laboratory's Role in Diabetes
• The Laboratory's Role in Diagnosis and Monitoring of Diabetes
• References
• References