This EMBO Workshop aims at bringing together scientists working on all areas related to microbial sulfur metabolism including microbial physiology and genetics, evolution, biochemistry, biogeochemistry, ecology, and biotechnology. The invited lectures will focus on all novel aspects of microbial sulfur metabolism ranging from enzymes and metabolic pathways to consequences for the environment and human health. This is a continuation of the highly successful workshops on microbial sulfur metabolism in 2006 (Münster, DE), 2009 (Tomar, PT), and 2012 (Noordwijkerhout, NL).